Executive Branch of Government
It is elementary knowledge that in most democratic countries, there are three branches of government, each focusing on a particular segment in the entire scheme of running a country. These three branches are the executive government, which is responsible for the daily management of the state/nation; the legislative branch, which is responsible for the creation of new laws, and the reviewing and revision of old ones; and finally, the judicial branch, which is in charge of interpreting the laws, and handling large-scale court trials.
The executive branch of government is usually referred to simply as the “government” by many countries, simply because they’re the most visible, and they’re the ones that create national policies on a regular basis. It contains the head of government (president, prime minister, etc). While it’s the legislative branch’s duty to make laws, and the judiciary’s duty is to interpret laws, the executive is in charge of enforcing these laws, in accordance to the doctrine of separation of powers. However, this practice is not universal, and is sometimes overlooked. For example, the prime minister is the head of state, but is also the head of the legislature department. Some countries only have a president, others only a minister, and some have both, such as France, where both president and prime minister share executive powers.
In all its forms, the heads of government are always assisted by a number of cabinet members/advisers, each of which are responsible for specific areas such as education, defense, interior and local government, justice, energy, foreign affairs, etc. They also have a huge number of government employees and civil servants under their wing.
The executive branch’s exact role is dependent on the constitution of the country it runs. It’s main function is to do what is instructed by the legislation that was created by the legislative branch. They regulate the legislation to provide guidance to several sectors of the economy, such as health, culture, education, transportation, agriculture, etc. They are also responsible for collecting taxes and customs, and are in charge of providing the salaries of government employees and officials.